• Air-to-water heat pump: It captures heat from the outside air, just like a refrigerator, but in reverse. A fan draws in air and sends it to an evaporator where a refrigerant circulates and evaporates at low temperatures. The compressor then raises the temperature to heat the water. Even in sub-freezing temperatures, the pump can produce up to 4.5 kWh of heat per 1 kWh of electricity.
  • Ground-water heat pump (geothermal): The ground maintains a stable temperature of approximately 10°C at a certain depth. The pump extracts heat via horizontal collectors (near the surface) or vertical boreholes (up to 100 m deep). The heat is transferred to the refrigerant, compressed, and then distributed to the heating system.
  • Air-to-air heat pump: It combines ventilation and heating. Heat from the exhaust air is transferred to the incoming air via a heat exchanger. It requires a building that is very well insulated and airtight, making it particularly suitable for passive or low-energy homes.
  • Heat pump for domestic hot water: It uses ambient heat to heat domestic water, while the existing system continues to provide heating. Ideal for self-consumption of solar power.